I think it would depend on the rifle so chambered.

Say for a Farquharson, maybe something really big like a 577 Nitro.

For a break top single, that 6.5x57R would be a great mountain rifle.

For an old 1874 Sharps, maybe a 50-90.

A Dakota 10 or a Hagn, maybe a 300 H&H or 275 H&H

For a small action Martini, I'd like a 32-20.

My personal favorite rifle, the one that drug around all over the mountains and valleys here in Alaska is my Ruger No.1 S in 338.

Maybe those are the most classic choices, but I think they'd make excellent hunting rifle/cartridge combinations.