look into Wirthgen "Das Zündnadelgewehr" and the first and oldest rifle with this new bolt was found in the Museum in Dresden and its marked "1870". this gun was build by using a Model 1862 needle fire rifle and the bolt was suitable for center fire primer or needle primer in the cartridge base.
the first rifle build with this was the obscure Baden Grenzaufseher rifle. the cartridge is listed in the RMS ammo catalog as a paper cartridges with gas-tight base, needle primer and bullet with a 0,61" diameter sabot so probably same barrel diameter the older military rifles have.