From the chart above......I find it very revealing how a 12 bore shooting a 600 grain round ball can deliver from a Taylor KO of 69 (recoil of 41 pounds) all the way to a Taylor KO of 114 (recoil of 126 pounds)...

The ONLY difference being---just change the black powder from 82 grains to 270 grains... That's all!!

Also the energy in foot pounds goes from 1580 to 4347 for these two 12 bore loads.

That is why when some people say a 12 bore or 12 gauge can't do this or can't do that, I hold judgement and ask---"What was the load? Not all 12 bores (gauges) are equal. Not even close."