Thanks for joining this discussion, Rod.

Fuhrmann - the translaton shows exactly what the found happened with light charges. Broadside shots only could be relyed upon. My buddy Keith, with a .75 Egnoish gun made by my bro, started shootng moose with .735" balls, just over 600gr. weight, using 250gr. 2F. Each year, he'd drop his powder charge 20 grs. It wasn't until he got down to 120gr. that he could reliably retrieve a ball from a moose. Angle didn't matter to the heavier charges, the all exited. The only shots he had with heavy charges that didn't exit, were head-on high neck shots that hit the bottom curve of the spine. These filled the lung cavity with bone shards and the balls ended up in the guts after making 2" holes though the spine. From most other postions, even 150gr. of 2f made exit wounds. BTW - a .375 mag with factory normal jacketed bullets will not normally exit a moose, broaside, let alone from quartering or lengthwise angles. His big fat round ball did. The moose's hide is considerably heavier, thicker and springier than a Stag's. I've shot only one Elk (Wapiti) with the .69, and that ball exited after breaking the off shoulder, while I never got an exit on a moose - bone and that elastic 3/8" thick hide always seemed to stop them.

One must use enough powder and ball size to do the job in a manner that pleases. Get a 16 bore to 10 bore and Be Happy.