I must say, I am not very familiar with the metric system, but I can tell you from experience what works in you understand the "English System"

In my 50 cal rifles you will typically use about 80-90 grains of powder and they shoot a 180 grain ball
In 54 cal it's common to use about 110 grains of powder
In a 58 caliber it's common to use about 125-130 grains.
In a 62 caliber you use about 140-150 and in a 66 you usually use about 165 grains

All these powder charges give about 1800 FPS.
The approximant ball weights will be about like this;

50 cal 180 gr
54 cal 230 gr
58 cal 270 gr
62 cal 330 gr
66 cal 430 gr

Weight is of course heavier as the balls get bigger, but the diameter of the wounds also come into play so you see a greater lethality as the bore size increases. It's extremely noticeable with the bigger sized when you hit big game.