In todays America I'd say that this would be a 30-06/ 270 bolt action rifle. Remington 700, Ruger M77, Savage, M70 etc.

As for Shot guns, The Rem 870 would be the favorite of most (but not me). I like the Winchester pumps better.

As for quintessential American rifles from a histortical standpoint, I'd list these.

1. Pennsylvania Long rifle (flintlock)
2. Colt Peace Maker
3. Henry Lever Action Golden Boy
4. Lever action Marlin & Winchesters
5. Sprinfield Bolt Action
6. 1911 Govt 45
7. And the darling of pre WWII hunters......the Savage 99 Lever action.