This is from the link I posted on page 1. It is interesting in that they put the blame for fewer calves on the elk behavior, rather than on predation.

QUOTE "The study indicates that the presence of an increasing number of wolves was resulting in changes in behavior by elk including having fewer calves." END QUOTE

The same thing happened here in BC's Spatzizi Park. The wolves caused the caribou to stop having calves entirely as no calves were seen for several years, along with the population of adults being reduced to less than 1/2 previous numbers - wolves must have scared them to death. - ba---rds!