From the list of cartridges above, considering everything on the list of big game here in N.America, I like the .458 Winchester.
In my particular rifle it's MOA accurate with mild shooting light bullets, hot 510gr loads, and everything in between.
I shoot it well and don't find the recoil harsh at all.
The bullets start big and stay that way though the animal.

I don't know that it's the *best*, but I definitely won't ever worry about not bringing enough gun.

I have my father's 30-30. It's older than he'd be today, and it's seen a lot of success in the field. There are numerous antler 'petroglyph' marks on the forend indicating game it's taken over the years. With 170gr loads it's ridiculously accurate, easy to carry, points well...
It did well for him, and for others before him. I'm sure it'll do well for my children after I'm gone too.

In the meantime I'm enjoying the .458

--Tinker