Bill- in addition, I've seen several guys with the Kodiak running them up to 190gr.(or equivalent in Pyrodex or T-7) 2F. This should obtain in the relm of 1,550fps to 1,600fps.
: 191gr., BTW, was the 'heavy' 12 bore ctg. load for African double rifles. I used it in an early 20th century double shotun I converted to a smooth rifle. Sights do this conversion, along with, in my case, a shortening of the barrels to 26". It shot into 8" at 100 meters offhand using a combination of different wads to hold the ball in the centre of the bores.
: The standard African 12 bore load for any ctg. gun was 110gr.1F and a 545gr. round ball. This load, in a 12 bore ctg. developed, with Engish powder, 1,330fps. The same load in a 12 bore muzzleloader should run around 1,150fps to 1,200fps. It was favoured for lion, leopard and most close range protection use. Notice they only got 200fps for the addition of 80gr. 1F powder.
: Our powder, other than Swiss does not develope the same power at theirs did. I had to use our 2F with the 191gr. load to achieve 1,550fps. It was decisive on steel plates at 100 meters, even to breaking the chain holding up the 50 pound plate. A 7mm Rem Mag, with 175gr. factory loads, developing more theroetical 'power', barely made the plate swing. Hense, my dislike for fpe as having anything to do with 'power'.