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I have one something like that, also in .45. I used about the same load as well. With it, I shot a 2"x4" pine board at about 10 feet. The ball bounced back and hit me in the chest. It did make a dent almost 1/2" deep, though.
It appears your Derringer's barrel is about 1/2" or more, longer than mine.

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my barrel is 75 mm long

had a similar experience when trying the thing first. shot at 1 m on a dry pine block. the ball make a 10 mm deep hole, bonce back and brush my bags.

BUT, to make loading simple I size the round ball in the .440 die before so paper patched it was easy to load into the barrel. this was a mistake!

I load the pistol again- 27 grains bp and the oversized ball with aditional paper patch ( in fact the case) was hammered with brutal force into the barrel. this time shoot on a softer block of dry spruce again at 1 m distance.
the .45 roundball made 38 mm into the wood where a 22 lr bullet would make maybe 100 mm. compare the .22 bullet with the .45 bullet and you get an imagination of the bullet energie that works there.


year ago I made some simple paper cartridge and storage them into an old jam jar. only the powder and the ball wrapped in a piece of paper. for loading the lower end will be strip off and the powder will be pour down the barrel, than the bullet still in the rest of the paper case is ram into the muzzle. you know the procedure!
the bp in the paper cartridges is still fine because the jar is tight.