To answer directly-

I have an 8x60 Magnum (engraved as such on the barrel) with a .318" bore, I've shot it and loaded for it, although I have yet to settle on 'the load' for it.
My rifle has a single express sight and is fitted with the standard period QD claw mounts.
The barrel's a monolithic slender taper with integral rib, case hardened action, double set triggers.

Cases can indeed be formed from 30-06 brass.
Just pass them through the 8x60 sizing die and trim to length. Run them from there, no problems at all, besides the fact that you will have ammunition headstamped 30-06 that shouldn't ever be mixed up with 30-06 ammo (no brainer there)

I run the woodleigh round nose bullet.
Haven't gotten good chrono data yet.
Go ahead and try Varget, start with 30-06 starting loads and work up with your chrono until you get the right velocities -- or simply work a load up to your rifle's regulation!
Express sights fitted and regulatged at the factory make this work easy.

I can't speak for the value of your rifle without some very good photos or better yet the rifle in my hands.

--Tinker