blackbearhunter

The original military bore size was .318 and you are correct in saying it was later changed to .323. A 8x57 in .323 bore is referred to as a 8x57S (ie 8x60S, 8x68S, 8x75S etc).

Woodleigh makes projectiles in .318 bore I believe.

One of your questions answered. Don't know about the others.