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Most European cartridges got their name not from the bullet or groove diameter, but from the smaller bore/land diameter. So the popular "6.5 mm cartridges use .264 = 6.7 mm bullets.. Some countries or companies named such cartridges for their bullet diameters and did not count the thickness of the rim into the case length. I have seen some 1920s Czech 6.5x54 M-Sch cartridges labeled 6.7X53.

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Indeed. From the 1939 Stoeger:


The '6.5X53', '6.7x53', and '6.7mm' are far more commonly referred to these days as 6.5X54 Mannlicher Schönauer.
Notice also the 8.2mm for (M1908) 8X56.

As known to MS afficianados, 9.5X57 has several names including 9.5X56, 9.5X56.7, and its 'British' designation of .375 Nitro Express Rimless 2.25" - though the 'RNE' often shows a different (lower) powder charge on ballistics charts when shown alongside 9.5X57.