No, the 38 Super is a longer case (won't chamber) and is loaded to much higher pressures. If you could get it to chamber, it would be a very dangerous situation.

The 38 Super is really hard on handguns. Typically chambered in 1911 style competition guns, it's pretty well known for cracking frames, and destroying linkage and bushings. Definitely not a cartridge for someone without a ton of experience in competition shooting. Expensive to find cases and to reload. Guns chambered for the 38 Super are highly specialized custom rigs. Very Expensive guns.