just read a book about the remington agent samuel norris in europe

the mauser brothers working for him since 1868 in liege, making ad hoc alteration on guns like the rolling block while the rifle was testet in countrys like denmark , sweden, austria, spain to please special wishes of the breech loader commisions.
another projekt was to change the french chassepot needle fire rifle in a self cocking action with metallic cartride.
this leads to the later mauser 71 in 1870 what was nothing more than a chassepot with a se3lf cocking action and metallic cartridge. because bavaria had adopted the M 69 werder lighting rifle and this gun works excellent in the franco -german war of 1870/71 the case of the 11,5x50R werder was extended to the 11,15x60R M 71 which giv the superiour ballistic of the Chassepot needle fire cartridge - 25 gramm bullet at 420 m/sec ( the werder cartridge had only a 22 gramm bullet).

when the french change the chassepot into the gras 74 after 1874 they did the same with some minor changings and another but similar cartridge of course, again firing a 25 gramm bullet at 420 m/sec.

chassepot

chassepot cartridge

werder rifle

werder cartridge

mauser 71

11,15x60R

gras m 74

11x59R gras