until 1914 you could buy anything - the paper case and the wads with a large amount of primer compound in the base called the primer pill.

you load the powder into the case, than the wad and the shot above. the paper case was closed with a string and a knot. cases and wads were dirt cheap then and loading was simple as possible.

it was so simple it could be made with 19. century technology. today you have to glue a musket primer on the wad, thats the way to go but its no rocket science.