I've been shooting at public ranges here in the San Francisco bay area for ages.

Although things have changed over the years, everywhere I've been fairly recently allowed shooting from magazine rifles with loaded magazines.
Just the other day I was at a public range shooting quick pairs with my .458wm bolt gun and had no trouble at all. Mind you I was the only guy on the 100yd rifle range that afternoon.
I have seen numerous dumbasses with martial arms get called off the bench line for engaging in 'spray and pray' tomfoolery. Indiscriminate rapid-fire bursts from centerfire rifles at public range shooting benches are strictly frowned upon.
There are however public facilities (typically separate quarters at said ranges) for tactical/combat/action shooting practice and competition where rapid-fire from centerfire martial arms is allowed.

This all in the S.F. bay area of California.

--Tinker