Robie,

the cartridges are the same the 7.62x54 Russian is listed in the Vihtavuori Manual as 7.62x53R.

If using in a Mosin-Nagant, check the bore diameter. Some American sporting version have .308 calibre barrels. Most military Nagants are nearer .310-.311. Best accuracy in my Finnish Nagant sniper comes from Sierra .311 174grn HPBT match bullets. .308 Calibre bullets are innacurate in my bore. Hope this helps.